Storm reports for July 8, 2025
NOAA recorded 39 hail reports and 226 wind reports in 25 states on July 8, 2025.
- in 25 states
- 265
- Storm reports
- Near 37.55, -100.21, KS
- 2.5 in
- Largest hail
- Near 32.71, -100.92, TX
- 90 mph
- Highest gust
- 0
- Tornado reports
Hail, inches
- 0.75
- 1
- 1.5
- 2
- 2.5
- 3+
Dots: reports. Shading: radar estimate.
- Wind report
- Estimated gusts, 50 to 90 mph
Hail, inches
- 0.75
- 1
- 1.5
- 2
- 2.5
- 3+
Dots: reports. Shading: radar estimate.
- Wind report
- Estimated gusts, 50 to 90 mph
Source: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center, final severe weather database (from NOAA's Storm Data). Report day: 12:00 UTC on July 8, 2025 to 12:00 UTC the next day. Times are Central.
Select a dot or a path for the report. Gust lines are estimates: the highest gust of the day in NOAA's hourly 2.5 km wind analysis (URMA), which fills in between weather stations. They aren't measurements at any building.
Reports by hour
Hail39, most at 5 PM
Wind226, most at 5 PM
Every report
Source: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center.
| Time | Size | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 2:41 PM | 1.0 in | Near 46.05, -88.38, MI |
| 2:51 PM | 0.88 in | About 42 miles from Springfield, MO |
| 3:45 PM | 0.88 in | Near 45.83, -88.06, MI |
| 3:58 PM | 0.75 in | About 14 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:59 PM | 1.0 in | About 10 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:02 PM | 1.0 in | About 16 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:05 PM | 1.0 in | Near 45.65, -87.94, WI |
| 4:20 PM | 1.5 in | About 32 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 4:33 PM | 1.0 in | About 2 miles from Oklahoma City, OK |
| 4:44 PM | 1.0 in | About 40 miles from Green Bay, WI |
| 4:53 PM | 1.0 in | About 57 miles from Green Bay, WI |
| 5:08 PM | 0.75 in | About 16 miles from Wichita, KS |
Show all 39 hail reportsShow fewer
| Time | Size | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 5:10 PM | 1.0 in | About 59 miles from Green Bay, WI |
| 5:29 PM | 1.0 in | About 6 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:33 PM | 1.0 in | About 11 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:34 PM | 1.25 in | About 11 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:35 PM | 1.75 in | About 10 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:42 PM | 1.0 in | Near 38.03, -100.37, KS |
| 5:50 PM | 2.0 in | Near 38.03, -100.31, KS |
| 5:53 PM | 1.0 in | Near 37.88, -99.57, KS |
| 6:10 PM | 1.0 in | Near 37.89, -99.59, KS |
| 6:44 PM | 1.0 in | About 43 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 7:00 PM | 1.75 in | Near 37.56, -100.21, KS |
| 7:04 PM | 2.0 in | Near 37.55, -100.20, KS |
| 7:05 PM | 2.5 in | Near 37.55, -100.21, KS |
| 7:20 PM | 1.25 in | Near 34.86, -100.15, TX |
| 7:36 PM | 1.0 in | Near 37.41, -100.19, KS |
| 7:46 PM | 1.75 in | Near 36.55, -97.83, OK |
| 7:49 PM | 0.88 in | About 42 miles from Milwaukee, WI |
| 7:50 PM | 1.0 in | Near 34.67, -100.13, TX |
| 8:15 PM | 1.0 in | Near 36.40, -97.90, OK |
| 8:35 PM | 0.75 in | Near 35.03, -99.07, OK |
| 8:35 PM | 1.5 in | Near 35.03, -99.10, OK |
| 8:38 PM | 1.0 in | Near 36.88, -100.18, OK |
| 8:40 PM | 2.0 in | Near 38.16, -100.65, KS |
| 8:44 PM | 1.0 in | Near 35.00, -99.10, OK |
| 10:20 PM | 0.75 in | Near 39.84, -101.13, KS |
| 10:35 PM | 0.88 in | Near 39.80, -101.04, KS |
| 11:15 PM | 0.75 in | Near 36.26, -101.41, TX |
| Time | Gust | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 12:35 PM | 58 mph | About 31 miles from Poughkeepsie, NY |
| 12:40 PM | 58 mph | About 25 miles from Waterbury, CT |
| 12:42 PM | 58 mph | About 49 miles from Poughkeepsie, NY |
| 12:55 PM | 58 mph | About 33 miles from Poughkeepsie, NY |
| 1:02 PM | 58 mph | About 15 miles from Waterbury, CT |
| 1:05 PM | 60 mph | About 32 miles from Harrisburg, PA |
| 1:07 PM | 63 mph | About 39 miles from New York, NY |
| 1:07 PM | 58 mph | About 32 miles from Poughkeepsie, NY |
| 1:08 PM | 63 mph | About 41 miles from Poughkeepsie, NY |
| 1:11 PM | 63 mph | About 41 miles from New York, NY |
| 1:15 PM | 63 mph | About 41 miles from New York, NY |
| 1:20 PM | 70 mph | About 21 miles from Clarksville, TN |
Show all 226 wind reportsShow fewer
| Time | Gust | Where |
|---|---|---|
| 1:26 PM | 63 mph | About 41 miles from New York, NY |
| 1:30 PM | 58 mph | About 34 miles from New York, NY |
| 1:30 PM | 58 mph | About 34 miles from New York, NY |
| 1:40 PM | 58 mph | About 11 miles from Hartford, CT |
| 1:47 PM | 60 mph | About 9 miles from Harrisburg, PA |
| 1:49 PM | 60 mph | About 11 miles from Harrisburg, PA |
| 2:01 PM | 60 mph | Near 38.75, -78.64, VA |
| 2:14 PM | 60 mph | About 26 miles from Hagerstown, MD |
| 2:20 PM | 60 mph | About 26 miles from Huntsville, AL |
| 2:26 PM | 60 mph | About 27 miles from Hagerstown, MD |
| 2:41 PM | 58 mph | Near 46.05, -88.38, MI |
| 2:49 PM | 60 mph | About 13 miles from Lancaster, PA |
| 2:51 PM | 60 mph | About 21 miles from Reading, PA |
| 2:55 PM | 60 mph | In York, PA |
| 2:56 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:01 PM | 60 mph | About 55 miles from Washington, DC |
| 3:03 PM | 70 mph | About 13 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:03 PM | 70 mph | About 13 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:11 PM | 60 mph | Near 38.32, -78.41, VA |
| 3:21 PM | 60 mph | About 13 miles from Lancaster, PA |
| 3:26 PM | 58 mph | About 2 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:26 PM | 58 mph | About 15 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:31 PM | 58 mph | About 21 miles from Lancaster, PA |
| 3:36 PM | 60 mph | Near 45.77, -88.16, WI |
| 3:38 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:38 PM | 52 mph | Near 33.66, -88.86, MS |
| 3:41 PM | 60 mph | Near 45.78, -88.13, WI |
| 3:43 PM | 58 mph | About 4 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:45 PM | 58 mph | About 17 miles from Reading, PA |
| 3:47 PM | 64 mph | About 53 miles from Washington, DC |
| 3:55 PM | 64 mph | Near 45.64, -87.99, WI |
| 3:56 PM | 64 mph | About 54 miles from Washington, DC |
| 3:56 PM | 60 mph | About 15 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 3:56 PM | 64 mph | About 18 miles from Washington, DC |
| 3:56 PM | 59 mph | About 42 miles from El Paso, TX |
| 4:01 PM | 58 mph | About 22 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:02 PM | 77 mph | About 54 miles from Washington, DC |
| 4:02 PM | 68 mph | About 16 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:03 PM | 58 mph | About 25 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:05 PM | 58 mph | About 24 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:05 PM | 58 mph | About 21 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:05 PM | 58 mph | About 19 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:10 PM | 58 mph | About 23 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:10 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:13 PM | 60 mph | About 10 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:13 PM | 58 mph | About 20 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:15 PM | 60 mph | Near 39.82, -89.40, IL |
| 4:15 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Reading, PA |
| 4:15 PM | 58 mph | About 22 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:15 PM | 63 mph | About 41 miles from El Paso, TX |
| 4:18 PM | 60 mph | About 21 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:18 PM | 60 mph | About 27 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:19 PM | 58 mph | About 17 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:19 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:19 PM | 58 mph | About 19 miles from Allentown, PA |
| 4:22 PM | 58 mph | About 22 miles from Allentown, PA |
| 4:24 PM | 58 mph | About 15 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:27 PM | 58 mph | About 13 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:27 PM | 58 mph | About 13 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:27 PM | 58 mph | About 14 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:28 PM | 49 mph | About 8 miles from Denver, CO |
| 4:31 PM | 60 mph | About 27 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:32 PM | 58 mph | About 17 miles from Fayetteville, NC |
| 4:35 PM | 58 mph | About 19 miles from Fayetteville, NC |
| 4:35 PM | 58 mph | About 29 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:35 PM | 58 mph | About 5 miles from Denver, CO |
| 4:36 PM | 60 mph | About 28 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:40 PM | 58 mph | About 10 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:42 PM | 58 mph | About 13 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:42 PM | 58 mph | About 7 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 4:45 PM | 58 mph | About 19 miles from Fayetteville, NC |
| 4:45 PM | 58 mph | About 7 miles from Lynchburg, VA |
| 4:54 PM | 58 mph | About 23 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 4:55 PM | 58 mph | About 46 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 4:58 PM | 60 mph | About 40 miles from Lancaster, PA |
| 5:00 PM | 58 mph | About 4 miles from Fayetteville, NC |
| 5:00 PM | 58 mph | About 24 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:00 PM | 58 mph | About 28 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:00 PM | 58 mph | About 58 miles from Green Bay, WI |
| 5:02 PM | 58 mph | About 7 miles from Lynchburg, VA |
| 5:05 PM | 58 mph | About 46 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 5:05 PM | 58 mph | About 8 miles from Fayetteville, NC |
| 5:05 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 5:07 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 5:10 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:10 PM | 58 mph | About 7 miles from Lynchburg, VA |
| 5:12 PM | 60 mph | About 12 miles from Washington, DC |
| 5:15 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:15 PM | 58 mph | About 8 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 5:17 PM | 70 mph | About 33 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:17 PM | 58 mph | About 4 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:19 PM | 58 mph | About 5 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:20 PM | 58 mph | About 4 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:21 PM | 58 mph | About 21 miles from Fayetteville, NC |
| 5:21 PM | 58 mph | About 15 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:26 PM | 60 mph | About 40 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:26 PM | 58 mph | About 13 miles from Lynchburg, VA |
| 5:28 PM | 58 mph | About 15 miles from Lynchburg, VA |
| 5:28 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 5:28 PM | 58 mph | About 10 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:30 PM | 81 mph | About 9 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:30 PM | 60 mph | About 7 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:30 PM | 58 mph | About 32 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:30 PM | 60 mph | About 2 miles from El Paso, TX |
| 5:30 PM | 58 mph | About 32 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:30 PM | 58 mph | About 34 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:30 PM | 58 mph | About 5 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:38 PM | 58 mph | About 18 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:40 PM | 83 mph | Near 33.77, -106.10, NM |
| 5:40 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:43 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 5:44 PM | 58 mph | Near 38.56, -75.56, DE |
| 5:45 PM | 58 mph | About 41 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:48 PM | 58 mph | About 45 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:48 PM | 60 mph | Near 39.29, -102.49, CO |
| 5:48 PM | 70 mph | About 13 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:50 PM | 58 mph | About 30 miles from Raleigh, NC |
| 5:50 PM | 64 mph | Near 44.31, -112.51, ID |
| 5:54 PM | 58 mph | About 46 miles from Baltimore, MD |
| 5:54 PM | 64 mph | About 17 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:54 PM | 64 mph | About 22 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 5:55 PM | 60 mph | About 16 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 6:00 PM | 60 mph | Near 39.38, -88.97, IL |
| 6:00 PM | 64 mph | Near 33.61, -106.40, NM |
| 6:02 PM | 75 mph | Near 33.61, -106.42, NM |
| 6:04 PM | 58 mph | About 36 miles from Philadelphia, PA |
| 6:05 PM | 58 mph | About 48 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 6:05 PM | 74 mph | About 22 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 6:06 PM | 60 mph | About 31 miles from Lynchburg, VA |
| 6:10 PM | 62 mph | Near 33.45, -106.13, NM |
| 6:15 PM | 61 mph | Near 33.40, -106.36, NM |
| 6:16 PM | 58 mph | About 29 miles from Trenton, NJ |
| 6:25 PM | 58 mph | About 23 miles from New York, NY |
| 6:25 PM | 58 mph | Near 38.92, -75.43, DE |
| 6:30 PM | 58 mph | About 48 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 6:30 PM | 70 mph | Near 33.18, -106.15, NM |
| 6:34 PM | 60 mph | About 54 miles from Washington, DC |
| 6:36 PM | 63 mph | About 14 miles from New York, NY |
| 6:36 PM | 58 mph | About 43 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 6:43 PM | 58 mph | About 47 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 6:45 PM | 58 mph | About 38 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 6:46 PM | 70 mph | About 46 miles from Wichita, KS |
| 6:46 PM | 61 mph | Near 34.30, -103.80, NM |
| 6:55 PM | 58 mph | About 50 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 6:55 PM | 62 mph | Near 33.07, -106.18, NM |
| 7:00 PM | 58 mph | About 40 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 7:05 PM | 58 mph | About 55 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 7:05 PM | 58 mph | About 31 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 7:06 PM | 58 mph | About 29 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 7:07 PM | 58 mph | Near 40.16, -103.20, CO |
| 7:10 PM | 67 mph | Near 40.17, -103.22, CO |
| 7:13 PM | 58 mph | About 23 miles from Richmond, VA |
| 7:21 PM | 58 mph | About 18 miles from Greensboro, NC |
| 7:30 PM | 61 mph | Near 36.79, -97.75, OK |
| 7:31 PM | 61 mph | Near 34.79, -100.14, TX |
| 7:34 PM | 60 mph | Near 37.33, -100.27, KS |
| 7:42 PM | 58 mph | About 10 miles from Roanoke, VA |
| 7:45 PM | 58 mph | Near 38.52, -75.90, MD |
| 7:45 PM | 60 mph | About 4 miles from Arlington, TX |
| 7:46 PM | 60 mph | Near 36.55, -97.83, OK |
| 7:47 PM | 58 mph | About 42 miles from Milwaukee, WI |
| 7:54 PM | 51 mph | About 7 miles from Tucson, AZ |
| 7:55 PM | 70 mph | Near 36.52, -97.87, OK |
| 8:03 PM | 58 mph | About 10 miles from Grand Prairie, TX |
| 8:18 PM | 69 mph | Near 38.10, -75.64, MD |
| 8:34 PM | 69 mph | Near 34.99, -99.05, OK |
| 8:35 PM | 68 mph | Near 34.99, -99.05, OK |
| 8:38 PM | 75 mph | Near 36.87, -100.18, OK |
| 8:40 PM | 60 mph | Near 34.99, -99.05, OK |
| 8:40 PM | 81 mph | Near 36.85, -100.06, OK |
| 8:43 PM | 76 mph | Near 34.34, -99.94, TX |
| 8:48 PM | 58 mph | Near 34.34, -99.94, TX |
| 9:00 PM | 59 mph | Near 36.62, -100.26, OK |
| 9:30 PM | 70 mph | Near 42.42, -122.88, OR |
| 9:31 PM | 59 mph | Near 36.21, -100.41, TX |
| 9:32 PM | 68 mph | Near 33.99, -99.96, TX |
| 9:35 PM | 70 mph | Near 40.00, -102.46, CO |
| 9:45 PM | 58 mph | Near 39.63, -102.12, CO |
| 9:46 PM | 58 mph | Near 33.98, -99.71, TX |
| 9:48 PM | 59 mph | Near 36.30, -99.77, OK |
| 9:50 PM | 81 mph | Near 33.98, -99.71, TX |
| 9:55 PM | 60 mph | About 14 miles from Oklahoma City, OK |
| 10:00 PM | 66 mph | Near 36.07, -99.90, OK |
| 10:05 PM | 58 mph | Near 36.07, -99.90, OK |
| 10:05 PM | 59 mph | About 9 miles from Oklahoma City, OK |
| 10:07 PM | 62 mph | About 9 miles from Oklahoma City, OK |
| 10:15 PM | 58 mph | Near 31.92, -98.60, TX |
| 10:19 PM | 70 mph | About 41 miles from Wichita Falls, TX |
| 10:31 PM | 60 mph | Near 39.00, -101.39, KS |
| 10:32 PM | 59 mph | Near 33.45, -99.86, TX |
| 10:35 PM | 59 mph | Near 36.03, -99.35, OK |
| 10:40 PM | 75 mph | Near 35.72, -99.80, OK |
| 10:45 PM | 58 mph | About 23 miles from Worcester, MA |
| 10:50 PM | 58 mph | About 23 miles from Norwich, CT |
| 11:01 PM | 58 mph | Near 33.98, -99.71, TX |
| 11:03 PM | 62 mph | Near 33.35, -99.67, TX |
| 11:05 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Worcester, MA |
| 11:10 PM | 58 mph | About 18 miles from Worcester, MA |
| 11:10 PM | 58 mph | About 16 miles from Providence, RI |
| 11:17 PM | 68 mph | Near 35.26, -99.64, OK |
| 11:19 PM | 58 mph | Near 35.43, -99.39, OK |
| 11:23 PM | 67 mph | About 50 miles from Abilene, TX |
| 11:24 PM | 64 mph | About 48 miles from Wichita Falls, TX |
| 11:25 PM | 58 mph | About 12 miles from Worcester, MA |
| 11:28 PM | 72 mph | About 48 miles from Wichita Falls, TX |
| 11:35 PM | 71 mph | About 48 miles from Wichita Falls, TX |
| 11:48 PM | 59 mph | Near 35.36, -99.20, OK |
| 11:51 PM | 59 mph | About 31 miles from Abilene, TX |
| 12:54 AM | 60 mph | About 26 miles from Amarillo, TX |
| 1:58 AM | 85 mph | Near 32.69, -100.86, TX |
| 1:58 AM | 90 mph | Near 32.71, -100.92, TX |
| 2:00 AM | 90 mph | Near 32.68, -100.92, TX |
| 2:06 AM | 67 mph | Near 32.72, -100.87, TX |
| 2:06 AM | 76 mph | Near 32.70, -100.96, TX |
By state
| State | Reports | Hail | Wind | Tornado |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania | 45 | 3 | 42 | 0 |
| Kansas | 28 | 18 | 10 | 0 |
| Maryland | 28 | 0 | 28 | 0 |
| Oklahoma | 28 | 7 | 21 | 0 |
| Texas | 28 | 3 | 25 | 0 |
| Virginia | 24 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| New Jersey | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| New Mexico | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| North Carolina | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Colorado | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Connecticut | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Michigan | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| New York | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Massachusetts | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Delaware | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Illinois | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Alabama | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Arizona | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Idaho | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Kentucky | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Missouri | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mississippi | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Oregon | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhode Island | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Cities with reports nearby
Reports within 15 miles of the center of each city we track.
| City | Largest hail | Highest gust | Tornado reports |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wichita, KS | 1.75 in | 81 mph | 0 |
| Oklahoma City, OK | 1.0 in | 62 mph | 0 |
| Reading, PA | 1.0 in | 70 mph | 0 |
| Arlington, TX | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Baltimore, MD | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Dallas, TX | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Denver, CO | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| El Paso, TX | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Fayetteville, NC | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Grand Prairie, TX | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Harrisburg, PA | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Hartford, CT | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Irving, TX | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Lancaster, PA | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Lynchburg, VA | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| New York, NY | None | 63 mph | 0 |
| Philadelphia, PA | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Roanoke, VA | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Trenton, NJ | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Tucson, AZ | None | 51 mph | 0 |
| Washington, DC | None | 60 mph | 0 |
| Waterbury, CT | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| Worcester, MA | None | 58 mph | 0 |
| York, PA | None | 60 mph | 0 |
Reports are what observers recorded near a location, not a complete record of every storm. They don’t describe conditions at any building.