1898 Georgia hurricane
1898 Georgia hurricane was a Category 4 hurricane at its peak, with 132 mph winds and a lowest pressure of 938 mb, per NOAA's National Hurricane Center. Modeled winds reached tropical-storm force (39 mph) at 7 of the cities we track; the strongest was Jacksonville, FL, with a modeled peak gust of 112 mph.
- Peak strength132 mph winds (1-minute)
- Category 4
- Cities with tropical-storm-force windsModeled, of the cities we track
- 7
- LandfallsFirst October 2, 1898
- 1
- Lowest pressure
- 938 mb
Track, wind field and cities
Select a piece of the track or a city for details.
- Depression or weaker
- Tropical storm
- Hurricane, Category 1 or 2
- Major hurricane, Category 3 to 5
- Landfall
- City (larger ring, stronger modeled gust)
- Modeled wind field, 39 to 111 mph sustained (darker, stronger; orange 111 mph+)
The shaded areas are where our model puts 1898 Georgia hurricane’s sustained winds over open land at 39 mph or more (tropical-storm force), 58, 74 (hurricane force) and 111 mph (major hurricane force) at some point along its track. Modeled, not measured. How we model hurricane winds
Landfalls
- October 2, 1898, Category 4 at 132 mph, about 42 miles from Jacksonville, FL
Modeled winds at cities (7)
Estimated peak winds for open, flat ground at each city’s center. Not measurements. How we model hurricane winds
| City | Peak gust | Sustained | Closest pass | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacksonville, FL | 112 mph | 91 mph | 41 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 10:15 AM GMT-5 |
| Savannah, GA | 84 mph | 69 mph | 72 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 11:00 AM GMT-5 |
| Hilton Head Island, SC | 70 mph | 57 mph | 97 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 11:00 AM GMT-5 |
| Deltona, FL | 61 mph | 50 mph | 108 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 5:30 AM GMT-5 |
| Gainesville, FL | 59 mph | 48 mph | 101 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 11:00 AM GMT-5 |
| Ocala, FL | 53 mph | 43 mph | 123 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 6:45 AM GMT-5 |
| Orlando, FL | 49 mph | 40 mph | 137 miles | Oct 2, 1898, 5:00 AM GMT-5 |
What happened
The 1898 Georgia hurricane crossed the coast about midway between Jacksonville and Savannah around 11 a.m. on October 2, 1898.1 A later NWS Jacksonville reanalysis placed the landfall on Cumberland Island, Georgia, and rated the storm a Category 4.2 NHC's best track puts landfall at 1600 UTC on October 2 as a Category 4 hurricane with 115-knot (132 mph) winds and a central pressure of 938 mb.3
At Brunswick, main streets were 4 to 8 feet under water at noon, nearly every business and warehouse flooded, nearly all docks were damaged and five vessels were washed ashore. Losses there were estimated at $500,000.1 The storm tide stood about 13 feet above mean high water inland at Darien and 18 feet at Sapelo Lighthouse.1 At Darien 32 people died, and on nearby Campbell Island all but three residents drowned, at least 20 people. Property damage at Brunswick, Darien and the surrounding area was estimated at $1 million.1 NOAA's Georgia storm tide study puts deaths near Brunswick and on the islands near the mouth of the Altamaha River at nearly 200.4 Near Savannah, cotton warehouses and naval stores yards flooded several feet deep, and Hutchinson Island was under 4 to 8 feet of water.1
In Florida, Fernandina was nearly destroyed, flooding damaged Mayport and Pablo, and damage in the state was estimated at $500,000.1
Sources
- 1. U.S. Weather Bureau, via NOAA National Hurricane Center: Monthly Weather Review hurricane reports, 1898
- 2. American Meteorological Society (Al Sandrik, NOAA/NWS Jacksonville, and B. Jarvinen): A Reevaluation of the Georgia and Northeast Florida Tropical Cyclone of 2 October 1898
- 3. NOAA National Hurricane Center: Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT2), 1851-2025
- 4. National Weather Service: Storm Tide Frequency Analysis for the Coast of Georgia (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS HYDRO-19)
Best track (49 positions)
| Time | Status | Wind | Pressure | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 25, 00:00 UTC | Tropical storm | 40 mph | 16.2°N, 58.3°W | |
| Sep 25, 06:00 UTC | Tropical storm | 46 mph | 16.6°N, 58.7°W | |
| Sep 25, 12:00 UTC | Tropical storm | 46 mph | 17.1°N, 59.2°W | |
| Sep 25, 18:00 UTC | Tropical storm | 52 mph | 17.7°N, 59.8°W | |
| Sep 26, 00:00 UTC | Tropical storm | 58 mph | 18.4°N, 60.8°W | |
| Sep 26, 06:00 UTC | Tropical storm | 69 mph | 19.1°N, 61.7°W | |
| Sep 26, 12:00 UTC | Category 1 hurricane | 75 mph | 19.7°N, 62.5°W | |
| Sep 26, 18:00 UTC | Category 1 hurricane | 75 mph | 20.5°N, 63.4°W | |
| Sep 27, 00:00 UTC | Category 1 hurricane | 75 mph | 21.3°N, 64.3°W | |
| Sep 27, 06:00 UTC | Category 1 hurricane | 81 mph | 21.9°N, 65.1°W | |
| Sep 27, 12:00 UTC | Category 1 hurricane | 86 mph | 22.5°N, 66.0°W | |
| Sep 27, 18:00 UTC | Category 1 hurricane | 92 mph | 977 mb | 23.2°N, 67.0°W |